Research List

No.	Researcher	Title	Abstract	Year
2571	Win Thi Thi Han1, Thida San2, Nyein Nyein Hlaing3	DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY ON BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM SELECTED YOGURT SAMPLES	Yogurt is among the most popular fermented foods in the world. In the present study, ten samples of yogurt from South Okkalapa Township and North Dagon Township were collected. The study period was lasted from January 2022 to August 2022. This study was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Dagon University. In the present study, the objectives were to enumerate and identify bacterial isolates and access their antimicrobial activities. The enumeration of total bacteria count in ten yogurt samples was duplicated carried out. The maximum bacteria count was found in sample code YgI of South Okkalapa Township at 9.62�108 cfu/ml and the minimum count in sample code YgA of South Okkalapa Township was 5.32�106 cfu/ml. This research was used streak plate method for isolation on MRS agar for their colony morphology and biochemical characters. According to the colony morphology, gram staining and biochemical tests, six bacteria genera were identified as Leuconstoc (14.81%), Lactococcus (18.52%), Pediococcus (3.71%), Clostridium (18.52%), Lactobacillus (33.33%) and Streptococcus (11.11%). All of the isolated bacteria did not show antimicrobial activity against tested targets Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Yogurt is good for health because it contains beneficial live bacteria so it should be consumed every day.	2025
2572	Wint Yee Paing1	THE GAMETOGENIC CYCLE OF HARD CLAM, GELOINA EXPANSA (MOUSSON, 1849) IN SHWE THAUNG YAN, AYEYARWADY REGION*	A total of 692 clams (319 were males and 373 were females) were analyzed. Six different gonad development stages in both males and females were identified. The average gonads socratic index (GSI) value of males was high in May and November (2.02 �0.6 and 1.88 �0.7). In females, the maximum GSI value was observed in May and November (1.80 �0.6 and 1.75 �0.5). The monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index and the microscopic characteristics of ovaries showed that G. expansa was recorded as two times spawning periods, the majority of spawning periods were recorded in the summer months of May, June, and July, and the second spawning (minor spawning) took place in or around November. The present results indicated that G. expansa is dioecious and gametogenic development was synchronous between the sexes. Temperature is the major factor in controlling the reproductive cycle in G. expansa.	2025
2573	Zarni Ko Ko1	POPULATION PARAMETERS OF ASIATIC HARD CLAM, MERETRIX MERETRIX (LINNAEUS, 1758) IN YE ESTUARY, SOUTHERN MON COASTAL AREA	The population parameters, growth, mortality, and exploitation rates of Asiatic hard clam Meretrix meretrix were investigated in Ye estuary between May 2022 and January 2023. Monthly shell length frequency data of M. meretrix were analyzed for estimation of population parameters such as asymptotic length (L?,), growth coefficient (K), and recruitment pattern to calculate the status of the stock. The asymptotic length (L?) was 40.95 mm and the growth coefficient (K) was 3.51 per year. The growth performance index (??) was 2.68. The total mortality rate (Z) was estimated by length-converted catch curve at 6.71 per year, fishing mortality (F) at 3.79 per year, and natural mortality (M) at 2.92 per year. The recruitment pattern was continuous with one major peak event per year. The exploitation level E of M. meretrix was 0.56. Virtual population analysis estimated that the maximum fishing mortality of M. meretrix is collected between the mid-length 36 mm and 39 mm with the maximum F value (5.84 per year). The value of exploitation level E = 0.56 which pointed slightly overfishing condition (E > 0.50) for M. meretrix in Ye estuary during the present study.	2025
2574	Myo Min Tun1	COMMERCIAL FISHES AND FISHERY OF THAE-CHAUNG AREA, SITTWE TOWNSHIP, RAKHINE STATE	A total of 21 species (18 genera) belonging to 15 families, and 6 orders of collected commercial fishes were identified from fish landing sites of Thae-Chaung Area, Sittwe Township, Rakhine State from October 2022 to September 2023. The order of Perciformes was abundant possessing families, genus and species. Among them, the seabass, Lates calcarifer is exported to foreign countries. The species Stolephorus commersonnii (Nga-ni-tu) is a very popular dry fish species in Myanmar. The most widely used gears in the study area include cast nets, drift gill nets, bag nets, trammel nets, seine nets, man push nets, upright fish traps and lone line. Gill nets were larger in size and mesh size and higher in price and catch composition than other gears such as traps, surrounding nets, and hooks and lines. Thae-Chaung has an economy based on catching fish and producing dry fish.	2025
2575	Ko Myint1and Phone Maw2	POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF MARINE DEBRIS ON NESTING GREEN SEA TURTLES AT THAMEEHLA ISLAND, MYANMAR*	This study conducted on Thameehla Island, a protected and historically significant sea turtle nesting ground during 2023 to January 2024. The study aims to investigate the impact of increasing marine debris pollution on Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting behaviors and site selection. The island, located in Ngaputaw Township, Ayeyarwady Region and no human settlement on the island, resulting in less human disturbance to sea turtle nesting compared to surrounding regions. However, the island faces challenges such as beach erosion, and reduced nesting success due to the increasing marine debris issue. The research involved collecting marine debris samples along turtle tracks and on the nesting, area using a quadrat sampling method. Statistical analysis, employing the R software package was conducted. A total of 327 debris pieces across two nesting beaches including all study tracks with and without nests, were gathered. The five most abundant categories were piece of plastic (25%), foam (16%), bottles (15%), net fragments (9%), and rope pieces (8%). Remarkably, marine debris was more abundant in areas with turtle nests compared to those without nests. Statistical tests (p-values of 0.008 and 0.004) indicated a significant correlation between marine debris and nesting success or behavior. The findings strongly support the rejection of the null hypothesis, suggesting that increased marine debris adversely affects Green Sea Turtle nesting. The study concludes that removing marine debris from nesting beaches could potentially enhance nesting habitats, nesting success and contribute to the conservation of sea turtle populations.	2025
2576	Wint Thuzar Than1, Soe Win2	QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF DOKHTAWADDY (MYITNGE) RIVER WATER NEAR MANDALAY ENVIRONS	Myanmar has a favorable situation of fresh water resources and adverse environmental effects degrade the strength of river water quality when utilizing natural resources. Measurements of aquatic biota in terms of water quality parameters have been essential for the assessment of river health. Some anthropogenic activities have a potentially negative cumulative impact on rivers and wetlands water quantity and quality, hence negatively impacting river-dependent people. This research will be emphasized on the evaluation of quality of Dokhtawaddy (Myitnge) river water near Mandalay Region. For this purpose, Dokhtawaddy river water samples were selected from four different points [the upstream (near Ta-Lin-Gyi village and near Shwesaryan Pagoda) and downstream (near Myitnge Bridge) places of Mandalay Industrial Sewage Ditch] in the middle of Dokhtawaddy (Myitnge) river near Mandalay environs. River water samples were collected seasonally (January, April, July and November during 2019 -2020). To evaluate the river water quality, its physico-chemical characteristics such as pH, color, conductivity, turbidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and traces of minerals like chloride, iron, manganese, sulfate, arsenic, copper, cyanide and lead were determined. In addition, its biological characteristics in terms of probable coliform count and Escherichia coli count (E.coli) were also examined. To reduce the contaminants, conventional water treatment methods such as plain sedimentation, filtration through the medium consisting of sand, gravel, broken bricks, rice straw, cotton fiber, rice husk char and charcoal. It was then again filtered with secondary filtration using sand column and rice husk char column. Effort of these stepwise treatment processes clearly shows that traces of contaminated ions, BOD and COD values were reduced within the desirable values. Benefits of this research would be helpful for the knowledge of simple water treatment technology in rural communities along the river bank of Dokhtawaddy (Myitnge) near Mandalay environs.	2025
2577	Shwe Sin Oo1, Wint Thuzar Than2	BREWERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH WATER HYACINTHS	Wastewater treatment technologies are essential, as water pollution is a major environmental concern. A natural treatment system is one of the most suitable treatment technologies, and it is a process of purifying contaminated water by growing aquatic plants that have the ability to absorb pollutants. This paper aims at investigating the removal efficiency (%) of brewery effluents (distillery effluents) using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). The treatment process in the present study was operated at the specified time duration, i.e., two hours, four hours, eight hours, one day, two days, four days and eight days. The physical and chemical characteristics, namely color, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), conductivity, pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the effluent samples before and after water hyacinth treatment were analyzed at the ISO TECH laboratory in Insein Township, Yangon. The physical and chemical parameters of the wastewater from the brewery are color (132 � 2 TCU), total dissolved solids (1280 � 4 mg/L), total suspended solids (633 � 4.04 mg/L), pH (7.97 � 0.19), conductivity (1806 � 10.15?S/cm), biological oxygen demand (127 � 8.62 mg/L), and chemical oxygen demand (196 � 8.08 mg/L). The findings showed that color, TSS, and BOD5 before treatment were higher than the guideline values for effluent. After eight days of treatment with natural plants, specifically water hyacinths, all analytical parameters were found to be well below the guidelines.	2025

Research Publications

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research