GEOHAARDS AND PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN BAGAN NYAUNG OO AREA, MANDALAY REGION
Abstract
- Bagan-Nyaung Oo area is the most picturesqu earchitectural complex in Myanmar. Bagan–Nyaunng Oo area is situated between 944500 E to 9500 00 E and 2100 00 to 2115 00 N. The research aims are to demonstrate the application of Remote Sensing (especially satellite image analysis) and to interpret the Engineering Geology approach to Environmental Geology and vice versa. The research area covers mostly the alluvial plain flanking the Ayeyarwady River and partly the debris and small fan materials derived from Tuywin Taung and Tantkyi Taung hills whichare exposed with rocks of Miocene to Oligocene. Bed rock in the area is mainly represented by rocks of Irrawaddy Formation (Late Miocene to Pliocene), Okhmintaung Formation (Upper Oligocene) and Padaung Formation and Shwezettaw Formation (Lower Oligocene). Mainly the alluvial soils of Quaternary-Recent are deposited on the plain and along the river banks by fluvial action.The areas susceptible to landslides, rock falls, mass movements, and debris flows hazards are demarcated in the Tuywin Taung and Tantkyi Taungthat have been encountered with a number of small tension cracks, active and old landslides. Side cutting in both sides of Ayeyarwady River banks is caused by river bank scouring and rain water resulting into steep slopes. In the rainy season, low lands adjacent to the Ayeyarwady River and the main streams in the area are affected by flood. Low to medium bearing capacity areas are concentrated in the areas where active alluvial fan and river bed deposits. Most of the plain area is covered by a firm soil with a stable bearing capacity and so appropriate for small to medium scale construction purposes. Several locations of construction materials quarry sites are seen in the study area. Improper quarrying of construction materials trigger the landslides and river bank scouring. Existing land use patterns in the study area are agricultural, sparse forest and scrub, settlements, industries, recreation centres infrastructures, small land fill and waste disposal sites. The root causes of river water pollution in Nyaung Oo area are direct connection of sewage drainage, sewage pipe line, haphazard disposal of industrial, hospital and hotels waste in open space and stream and improper dumping of solid wastes into the riverside area. Earthquakes on July 8th, 1975 and August 24th, 2016, severely damaged more than half of the important structures and irreparably destroyed many of them. Flood causes, destruction by earthquakes, landslides and erosion and LCLU (Land Cover/Land Use) evaluation are mentioned. The research would be a general help to planners and developers at local level particularly in hazard mitigation, environmental management and civil engineering developments within the research area.
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Year
- 2018
Author
-
Tun Naing Zaw
Subject
- Geog Geol
Publisher
- Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS)