Abstract

• This study investigates the antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-arthritic activities of Dioscorea wallichii Hook. L. (Kadat) tuber. The antimicrobial activity was screened using the agar well diffusion method on 95 % ethanol, watery, ethyl acetate, and pet-ether extracts. The results indicated that the watery extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial potency among the tested extracts. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, yielding IC50 values of 26.21 µg/mL for the watery extract and 13.62 µg/mL for the 95 % ethanol extract, indicating a stronger antioxidant effect from the ethanol extract. The anti-arthritic activity was evaluated by the egg albumin denaturation method, revealing that the 95% ethanol extract (IC50 = 6.77 µg/mL) exhibited more effective anti-arthritic activity than the watery extract (IC50 = 13.07 µg/mL). Cytotoxicity was assessed using a brine shrimp lethality bioassay, which demonstrated that both watery and 95 % ethanol extracts were free from toxicity at concentrations up to 1000 µg/mL, with LC50 values indicating no harmful effects.