Abstract

• The electron transport layer (ETL) was designed for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using a sol-gel spin coating method on FTO glass substrates, including TiO2 and ZnO nanocrystals. Characterization using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) implied the crystallinity and chemical properties of the FTO/TiO2/ZnO ETL layers. UV Vis measurements revealed TiO2 absorption within the range of 211 nm-226 nm and ZnO absorption from 302 nm-387 nm. The energy band gap values of TiO2/ZnO films showed their suitability as an ETL for PSCs. The study suggests that this ETL not only enhances electron transport and interfacial engineering but also holds promise as a light-harvesting layer in PSCs, attributed to its favorable crystalline quality, chemical characteristics, and optical performances.