Abstract

• This research explores the historical development and transformation of Mudon Township, now known as Mudon, focusing on its geographical, cultural, and administrative evolution. The historical trajectory of Zayar Township reveals a dynamic interplay between local traditions and external influences. Originally part of the Mottama Thirty-Two Towns, Zayar's significance as a trade and administrative center was marred by repeated warfare, including conflicts with Ayutthaya and Myanmar rulers. The impact of the First Anglo-Myanmar War (1824-1826) led to significant demographic shifts, with British annexation introducing new administrative practices and infrastructure. The construction of the Mawlamyine-Kyaikkhami road in 1833 and subsequent migration from various regions revitalized the township. By the mid-19th century, Zayar, rebranded as Mudon, emerged as a key administrative and agricultural hub, benefiting from both Mon migration and infrastructural improvements. The transformation from Zayar to Mudon reflects broader trends of adaptation and resilience in response to external pressures and internal changes. This aim of this research is to investigate the historical development and transformation of Mudon Township. By examining the historical and socio-political factors that have influenced Mudon Township, this research seeks to enhance our understanding of the region’s resilience and adaptability amidst external pressures and internal shifts. Additionally, it offers insights into broader historical trends impacting southeastern Myanmar.