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No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
2201 Phoo Wint Yee Thaw ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RHIZOBIUM STRAINS FROM THE ROOT NODULES OF TWO SELECTED LEGUMES* Rhizobium is an important microorganism for the environment because of its nitrogen-fixing ability when in symbiotic relationship with plants (mainly legumes). The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize the rhizobia from the root nodules of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper (Black gram) and Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Cowpea). The experiment was performed at the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Yangon in 2022. The two isolated bacterial strains were given named as (PVMR from black gram.) and (PVUR from cowpea). Both isolates on YEMA medium showed white, circular, entire margin, convex elevation, produced mucoid and translucent colonies. The microscopic examination revealed that both isolates are gram negative and rod shaped. In two bacterial strains: PVMR was identified as Rhizobium sp. and and PVUR was identified as Bradyrhizobium sp. based on the results of authentication test. Biochemical characterization of both strains showed positive reaction with catalase, methyl red test, nitrate reduction, and urea test, while negative reaction was observed in citrate utilization, gelatin hydrolysis, hydrogen sulphide production, indole, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI), and Vogas Proskauer test. In antibiotic resistance test, PVMR strain resistance to only Penicillin and sensitive to Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, whereas, PVUR strain resistance to Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol, Penicillin but sensitive to Tetracycline. The plant inoculation assay indicated the improvement of plant growth and nodules formation in the treatments inoculated with two rhizobial isolates compared with noninoculation treatments. 2023
2202 Pyae Sandi Win STUDY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF BIXA ORELLANA L. The seeds of Bixa produce one of the dyes most frequently used worldwide, not only in food products but also in textile, paint and cosmetic industries. The present study was conducted to investigate the morphological and histological study of Bixa orellana L. According to the results, it was found that the plants were small tree (6.0-8.0 ft), leaves simple, pedicellate, inflorescence terminal branched panicles with 5-15 flowered, flowers actinomorphic, hypogynous, style thickened upward, stigma bi-lobed, parietal placentation, red-brown seed pods covered in soft pines, bi-valved, seeds are obovoid and angular, red-dotted. The distinguished histological characters of Bixa revealed that anomocytic stomata present on both surface, druses-shaped crystal and secretory cavities occurred in lamina, petiole, midrib and cortex of stem as well as in roots. Bixin pigment producing cells are commonly found in surface view of petiole. Testa of seeds is composed of thin walled epidermal cells which are filled with pigment bixin whereas tegmen region is made up of colorless sclerenchymatous layers. Starch grain are present in endospermic cells. The histological characters of Bixa orellana L. could provide the diagnosis of genus Bixa. 2023
2203 Htay Htay Myint PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF NYCTANTHES ARBOR-TRISTIS L. The plant Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. or Night jasmine belongs to the family Oleaceae. The plant is known as Seik-Phalu in Myanmar. It grows in tropical and subtropical region. The specimens were collected from Banmaw University Campus, Kachin State, during the flowering and fruiting periods. The morphological characters, preliminary phytochemical test and antimicrobial activities were studied. The plant used in traditional medicines as stomachic, carminative, intestinal astringent, expectorant, in biliousness, piles, various skin diseases and hair tonic. In morphological study, the plant was perennial small tree, quadrangular branches, opposite and decussate, simple leaves and fragrant flowers. Preliminary phytochemical test revealed the presence of alkaloid, ?-amino acid, glycoside, flavonoids, reducing sugar, phenolic compound, saponin, starch, tannin and carbohydrate. The different solvent extracts were prepared for antimicrobial activities tests and their inhibitory zones were also evaluated. The antimicrobial activities were carried out by agar well diffusion method on seven types of test microorganisms. Methanol extract of leaves showed significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloococcus aureus. Ethanol extracts of leaves showed the significance against on Bacillus pumilus and Xanthomonas oryzae. Watery extracts showed moderate activities on Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis, petroleum ether extracts exhibited against only on Bacillus subtilis and chloroform extracts of leaves showed the best activities on Candida albicans. 2023
2204 Phyo Wai Khaing ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEOLYTIC FUNGI FROM BEAN CROP SOIL AND PADDY MILL SOIL The present study, eleven fungi were isolated from bean crop soil in Vegetable and Fruit Resources Development Centre, Hlegu Township and twelve fungi were isolated from paddy mill soil in Daik-U Township. Twenty-three fungi were screened by visible plate technique using Potato Dextrose Agar medium (Supplement with 1% Casein). Among all isolated fungi, eight proteolytic fungi were showed clear zone around the fungal colony on Skim Milk Agar (SMA) medium for the preliminary study of proteolytic fungi. Although four proteolytic fungi (V2,V5, D4 and D12) exhibited prominent enzyme activity about (2.5cm for five days, 3.5cm for four days, 2.2cm for four days and 2cm for six days) respectively based on the ratio of diameter of the clearing zone and colony. These four fungi were selected for identification of their colony morphology and spore formation. In the identification of four selected fungi, two Penicillium sp. V2 and V5 were isolated from bean crop soil and one Penicillium sp. D4 and one Cladospordium sp. D12 were isolated from paddy mill soil. 2023
2205 Thiri Shwe Yee STUDY ON THE REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH AND YIELD EVALUATION OF VARIOUS CORN CULTIVARS (ZEA MAYS L.) IN AYEYARWADDY AND YANGON REGIONS The field experiment with seed priming technique and organic fertilizer treatments was carried out at the Maubin University, Ayeyarwaddy Region from January 2022 to May 2022 using the seven various cultivars seeds of Zea mays L. (Corn). In this experiment, study on the total of seven cultivars of corn was collected from two different localities within Ayeyarwaddy and Yangon Regions. According to the experiment, the first germination percentage (Pan – pyaung) are the best in germination percentage, (A- Kaut gyi) and (Y- Sat kyar) are the lowest germination percentage although local varieties have a germination percentage of over 90%. In the second germination percentage, except Pan, the other varieties are more than 95% and Pan is the lowest. The experiment showed that the reproductive growth of (Y - Nga chaik) is the highest reproductive growth and (Pan - pyaung) plants is the lowest. (Y - Lay tan) and (Y- Sat kyar) are the medium reproductive growth. Among them, (Y- Nga chaik) is better than other varieties. (Y- Nga chaik) is weather resistant and has good yield for this region. So, it is a local variety that should be planted. Therefore, it is recommended that the (Y- Nga chaik) is strong and resistant local variety. Because it is economically beneficial of the farmers, it should be cultivated. 2023
2206 Theingi Aye ISOLATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM SIX MEDICINAL PLANTS The six plants samples were collected at Pathein Township, Ayeyarwady Region. The isolation was undertaken by Surface sterilization method using LCA medium. Thirty endophytic fungi were isolated from six different plants. These endophytic fungi were isolated by using Low Carbon Agar (LCA) medium for first culture and Potato Glucose Agar (PGA) medium for pure culture. Isolated fungi were given as temporary names TFO-01 to TFO-30. The colours of all isolated fungi rouge from white, green, black, dark green, yellowish green, pale cream, whitish gray, dark gray, whitish cream, greenish gray to gray. In the study of antimicrobial activity, fungus TFO-16 exhibited the highest activity against Candida albicans and TFO-15 against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. TFO-15 also showed antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Among these two fungi, fungus TFO-15 was selected for further investigation. 2023
2207 Win Yu Yu Naing FERMENTATION CONDITIONS FOR THE ANTIBACTERIAL METABOLITES FROM ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS YF-16 In the course of the isolation of fungi, twenty-nine fungi were isolated from five plant samples collected at Kangyidaung Township. The isolation of fungi was undertaken by surface sterilization method using LCA medium. Among them showed higher activity than other fungi. Therefore, these fungi were selected for further investigation. In the screening program for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In the screening of antibacterial activity possessing microorganisms, isolated fungus YF-16 was highest activity reached at 3 days fermentation with 84hrs age and 10% size of inoculum. The selected fungus YF-16 was highest activity showed at FM2 medium. 2023
2208 Thet Thet Khaing ISOLATION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA WALL.ex NEES AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES In this research work, Andrographis paniculata plant samples were collected from Magway University Campus, Magway Region. The isolation of endophytic fungi was undertaken by the surface sterilization method and Baiting method. Fourteen fungi was isolated from leaves, stem and root of Andrographis paniculata. All isolated fungi were tested by five kinds of test organisms, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans by paper disc diffusion assay method. Among them, Fungus TF-02 exhibited only selective antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and the highest activity. Therefore, this fungus TF-2 was selected for further investigations such as fermentation for the production of antimicrobial metabolite, identification. In the study of microbial growth phase of TF-2 was observed that between 66hrs and 96 hrs ages of inoculums and 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% size of inoculums. In the investigation of ages and sizes of culture, 84hrs cultivation and 25% seed culture could be optimized for fermentation. The highest activity reached at 84hrs and 25% seed culture by using five kinds of fermentation medium, FM-4 at 25ºC showed the best activity on test organism. The extraction of compound was extracted from the fermented broth. The antimicrobial metabolite TF-02 was conducted with eluting solvents, Chloroform (CHCL3), Dicholoromethane (CH2CL2), Toluene and Hexane. The eluting solvent, Dichloromethane (CH2CL2) was chosen by antimicrobial fungus TF-02. This fungus TF-02 was identified as Aspergillus versicolar. 2023
2209 Tin Moe Aye ISOLATION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM SOME SPECIES OF FABACEAE AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY In the study endophytic fungi, isolated from four species of Fabaceae (Myay-pae, Pe-sin-gon, Pe-Lun and Pe-nauk) collected at Kanpyar Village, Magway Region were undertaken by direct inoculation method. In this investigation, eleven different kinds of fungi TF 1-11 were isolated from collected four species of Fabaceae. TF 1-3 were isolated from Myay-pae, TF 4-6 were isolated from Pe-sin-gon, TF 7-9 were isolated from Pe-Lun, TF 10 and TF-11 were isolated from Pe-nauk. According to the present result indicated that, the surface view and reverse view of endophytic fungi. Five kinds of test organisms (Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis) were used in paper disc diffusion method. In the study of antagonistic property of isolated fungi, it was observed that fungus TF-7 exhibited highest activity on Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Therefore, this fungus TF-7 was selected for further investigations. In the fermentation study, it was also found that the optimal ages are 96hrs (24.21 mm) and optimal sizes are 25% (21.91 mm) seed culture at 7 days fermentation. Four fermentation medium (FM 1-4) were used in the fermentation study and it was found that FM-2 showed highest antibacterial activity on the medium. In the preliminary study for the extraction of active compound with four solvents system (Hexane, Chloroform, Dichloromethane and Toluene) were used it was found that chloroform provided highest antibacterial activity on Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The selected isolated fungus TF-7 was identified as Trichoderma hamatum 2023
2210 Aye Khaing Oo OPTIMIZING FERMENTATION CONDITIONS OF SELECTED SOIL FUNGUS PENICILLIUM RUGULOSUM AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI In this research work, eighteen fungi were isolated from nine soil samples collected in Magway Township Magway Region, by using chemical treatment dilution and soil dilution methods. All isolated fungi were tested with ten kinds of test organisms were using paper disc diffusion assay method. In the study of fungus KFO-06, Penicillium rugulosum showed the highest antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli. Therefore, this fungus was selected for further investigation. In the study of carbon and nitrogen utilization of Penicillium rugulosum for the growth, tapioca powder was excellent for carbon source and peanut cake was excellent for nitrogen source. However, it was observed that the highest antibacterial activity with obtained by using glycerol as carbon source and yeast extract as nitrogen source. Six fermentation media were used for fermentation study and it was found that FM-I showed the highest antibacterial activity on test organism Escherichia coli than other medium. In the fermentation studies 72 hrs seed cultures and 15% size of inoculums were optimized for the fermentation. 2023