Research List

No.	Researcher	Title	Abstract	Year
2221	Naung Naung Oo	FAUNAL COMMUNITY OF AHLYAT INTERTIDAL MUDFLAT UNDER ANTHROPOGENIC STRESS	Anthropogenic stress of Ahlyat intertidal mudflat was studied on exploited and reserved area at central Mon coastal area from January 2016 to December 2018. During the study period, species composition, diversity, evenness, and richness of mudflat fauna communities were not commonly disturbed but the species abundance were relatively common. Based on correlation index, regression coefficient, habitat loads and total biotic-abiotic factors of different habitats were negatively correlated. The prey species and predators were balanced at higher dominance level. Faunal structures of study area showed top-down scheme and affected the diversity of community negatively.	2023
2222	May Sabai Htay	COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES FROM ANDIN COASTAL WATER, YE TOWNSHIP, MON STATE	Phytoplankton species were studied from Andin coastal water from December 2019 to August 2020. A total of 74 species of phytoplankton were identified and comprised 36 species of centric diatoms, 29 species of pennate diatoms and 9 species of dinoflagellates. The percentage composition of centric diatoms ranges from 63% to 68%, pennate diatoms range from 30% to 35% and dinoflagellates with 2% were observed. Species composition and abundance were found to be highest at Station III (2597 no/m�) and lowest at Station II (2191 no/m�). The index values encountered from Andin coastal water ranged between 3.73 and 3.76 for the species diversity index (H'), between 0.85 and 0.87 for evenness index (E'), and between 9.28 and 9.49 for species richness index (D'). The maximum salinity value of 30� was found in February and the minimum value of 24� was found in August. The highest water temperature of 31�C was found in February and the lowest water temperature value of 28�C and was found in August. This paper represents part of the ongoing effects to revise and document the phytoplankton of Andin coastal water.	2023
2223	Sein Moh Moh Hlaing	GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CATALASE (CAT) GENE IN ZHIKONG SCALLOP REVEALS GENE EXPANSIONS AFTER EXPOSURE TO THE PST-PRODUCING DINOFLAGELLATE, ALEXANDRIUM MINUTUM	Bivalves can accumulate high concentrations of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by toxic algae that may induce oxidative stress. Catalase (CAT) is one of the important antioxidant enzymes involved in scavenging the high level of ROS and plays a significant role in the protection of aerobic organisms against oxidative stress by degrading hydrogen peroxide. In the present study, a total of two CATs were identified in the Chlamys farreri genome. Sequence characterization revealed CfCAT protein sequences contained proximal heme-ligand signature sequence (354RLFSYSDTH362), two N-glycosylation sites (440NFS442 and 482NFT484 domains), the proximal catalase active site signature (64FNRERIPERVVHAKGGGA81), the peroxisome targeting signal in the C-terminus 495QKL497 and 12 amino acids (H89, N171, F154, S122, R112, N142, Y325, K169, I311, W277, Q331, and Y260), which were identified as the putative residues involved in NADPH binding. Eight amino acids: R320, H364, R365, N369, F409, R432, Y404, and R457 were identified as the heme-binding site residues. Three conserved catalytic amino acids (H166, N148, and Y137) and catalase signature sequences were essential for the structure and function of CfCATs. The homology of deduced amino acid sequences revealed that CfCATs had high identity with catalases from other mollusks. RNA-Seq data analysis revealed there were no regulation patterns of scallop CATs were significantly induced in the kidney after exposed to Alexandrium minutum (AM-1). Gene expression analysis in the scallop revealed all CATs being predominantly expressed in the mantle, gill, muscle, and hepatopancreas after feeding the scallop with PST producing dinoflagellates. All these results indicate that CAT involves an important role in counteracting oxidative stress in C. farreri by PST accumulation. The tissue-, species-, and toxin dependent expression pattern of scallop CATs might be involved in their functional diversity in response to toxin exposure.	2023
2224	Soe Thaw Thaw Tun	POPULATION PARAMETERS OF WHITE SARDINELLA, SARDINELLA ALBELLA (VALENCIENNES, 1847) FROM NGA YOKE KAUNG COASTAL AREA	This study was conducted to estimate population parameters of white sardinella, Sardinella albella collected from Nga Yoke Kaung coastal area from June 2019 to May 2020. A total of 853 specimens of S. albella ranging the length 11.3 cm to 20.1 cm were used to analyze with FiSAT II. In present findings, length-weight relationship equation of this species was W = 0.0712 L2.2431 (r = 0.91) which showed a negative allometric growth pattern. The estimated mean condition factor indicated that they were in good condition. The asymptotic length (L?) and growth rate (K) were 21.53 cm (TL) and 0.98 year-1 respectively. The theoretical age at birth (t0) and growth performance index (?') were -0.18 yr-1 and 2.657 respectively. Natural mortality, fishing mortality, and total mortality for S. albella were estimated as 1.9, 1.99, and 3.89 respectively. The exploitation rate of S. albella from the present study was 0.51 which indicated that they were not overexploited.	2023
2225	Nan Htwe Htwe Maung	ISOLATION AND FERMENTATION CONDITIONS OF SOIL FUNGUS NFO-9 FROM MANGROVE SOIL MAGYI COASTAL AREA	In the course of isolation of soil fungi, thirteen different kinds of fungi were isolated from five mangrove soil samples. These soil samples were collected at Magyi Channel. The isolation was undertaken by serial dilution method and using Low Carbon Agar medium (LCA medium). Potato Glucose Agar Medium (PGA medium) was utilized as transfer medium to get pure culture. Antimicrobial activities of these fungi were evaluated by agar well diffusion assay with five test organisms. Among them, eight fungi showed antimicrobial activity. Especially, NFO-9 gave the best antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas fluorescens. Therefore,different fermentation parameters of NFO-9 were studied by the fermentation period, age and size of inoculums, pH and fermentation medium on Pseudomonas fluorescens.	2023
2226	Thaw Tar Htet Htet Paing	IMPACTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE INFORMAL ECONOMY IN NAY PYI TAW, MYANMAR*	The informal economy is one of the crucial parts of a country�s economy because of its essential role for the income generation of a large number of people. Developing and Least Developed Countries are to a substantial degree depending on the informal sector. During the Covid-19 pandemic the informal sector was much affected by lockdowns and restrictions in public and private spaces, including markets and restaurants. They had a significant impact on the lives of informal workers as a particularly vulnerable group of population. This study explores, based on international and national literature, the economic impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the street vendors and informal workers in Nay Pyi Taw, capital of Myanmar. It further develops suggestions for possible support to ease the situation of the local people and their livelihoods.	2023
2227	Cho Cho Khaing	VEGETABLE CULTIVATION AND PERCEPTION OF VEGETABLE GROWERS IN TWANTAY TOWNSHIP	Twantay Township is located at the urban fringe area of Yangon City. Good accessibility and nearness to Yangon City is a locational advantage for vegetable cultivation in Twantay Township. Existing large agriculture land also supports vegetable cultivation and vegetables such as roselle, water cress, carrot, gourd, etc are extensively grown in the area. Seasonal changes in vegetable cultivation are found due to market demand, climatic favourability, etc. due to short growing period. Although chemical fertilizer use increase vegetable production, it has negative consequences on human health and environmental pollution. Local people also use natural and artificial fertilizers that give less negative impacts on human health and environment. The objectives of the paper are to explicit present vegetable cultivation of Twantay Township, to explore supporting factors on vegetable supply of the study area and to find out vegetable growers� perception on input uses and market demand. Primary data on vegetable cultivation, vegetable supply and vegetable growers� perception were mainly applied and situational analysis was also applied in presenting the paper.	2023
2228	Myint Myint Sein	LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES IN MONG HSAT TOWNSHIP, EASTERN SHAN STATE	The study area Mong Hsat Township is situated in the Eastern Shan State, bounded on the north by Kyaing Tong Township, on the south by Thailand and on the east by Tachileik and west by Mong Tong townships. It lies between North Latitudes 20�5' 00" and 21� 43' 54", East Longitudes 99� 00' 00"and 99� 40' 00". Being on Shan massif, it has a lot of mountains and a few plains. In Mong Hsat Township, the classification of land use is based on GAD (General Administrative Department) and classified into four types of land use: Forest Area, Agricultural land, Built up Area,Water body and Bare lands. The proportional types of land use in the total area were comprised fallow land 71.33% followed by forest area 19.27%, agriculture land 9.2% and built up area 0.2% respectively. This data are not changed for a long time. In the study area changes of land use and land cover types are studied for 2000 and 2020 based on Landsat 7 and Landsat 8. By studying the changes of LULC between 2000 and 2020, forest area was decreased whereas the other LULC types such as settlement or Built up area, agriculture, water body and bare land were apparently seen the increased direction within twenty years period. In the overall changes, forest area was decreased from 2753.37 sq.km in 2000 to 1688.43 sq.km in 2020. The other areas of LULC changes were increased: agriculture from 361.83 sq.km to 945.36 km, settlement from 125.52 sq.km to 274.95 sq.km, bare land from 96.97 to 374.72 sq.km and water body 13.94 sq.km to 95.77 sq.km Therefore, the application of GIS/RS methods are to best estimate the temporal and spatial changes of the land use and land cover from the standpoint of natural resources management. It indicates that the land use pattern of office data had not been markedly changed during the period from 2000 to 2020. But the land cover areas in GIS/RS method had been clearly changed on images.	2023
2229	Zin Nwe Myint	SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT FOR MYANMAR	Like other Southeast Asian countries, Myanmar is experiencing a continuous urbanisation process since its independence in 1948. The urban population has risen from 2.6 million in 1953 to 8.5 million in 1983 and up to 17.4 million 2021. This growth has transformed the Myanmar's urban system substantially. Today, it is characterised by a tripolar structure headed by the largest three cities � Yangon, Mandalay and Nay Pyi Taw, and almost 400 cities and towns of regional and local importance. While Myanmar's urban system is still remarkably balanced, numerous regional cities and local towns throughout the country are expanding and became drivers of regional development. Many cities and towns in border, mountain and coastal areas have expanded with growing economic activities and (inter)national investments which accelerated domestic migration. Substantial impulses have been drawn from international discussions. The �National Sustainable Development Strategy for Myanmar� (2009) and the �Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan� (2018) had already address the key principles of sustainability. These were applied in urban strategies inspired by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and especially the Sustainable Development Goals (in particular: SDG 11) and the New Urban Agenda (2016). Against this background, this paper aims to investigate, first, the recent urbanisation dynamics in Myanmar and, second, general principles and strategies of urban sustainability in order to stimulate scientific discussion on sustainable development in Myanmar. The study is based on a mixed method approach, combining a review of (inter)national literature and planning documents with an analysis of secondary data and qualitative expert interviews. Finally, it summarises recommendations for priorities of a more sustainable urbanisation in Myanmar.	2024
2230	Ko Ko Toe Lwin Thaw	J?TAKA STORIES: THE ANTERIOR LIVES OF BUDDHA (J?.1- J?.547) INTERPRETED DURING THE BAGAN PERIOD*	Among the themes of Buddhist visual art, J?taka stories have mostly reflected on social lives of Bagan people especially on performers and the characters intermingle as main icons and supporting icons in a single scene of jataka stories. The stories gave moral and ethical education to the common people and they were reflected with Bagan life-style. J?taka stories are depicted at the most temples as interior wall mural painting decoration and adorned at many prominent solid-pagodas as the exterior glaze plaque decoration. J?takas are mostly illustrated on the side walls of vestibule or entrance hall in the temples. In fact, these real narrative stories are transformed into the static scenes of narrative performance. Most J?taka plaques and mural panels have serial numbers, captions of title and mentioned notes under them. They can be identified easily by mean of iconic and narrative patterns if they have without captions. The kind of J?taka with Burman caption is different from those with Mon caption on figural attitude and scenic composition and even interpretation on each story is distinguished each other because of their religious concepts and different times of early and later periods. Most Bagan narrative stories murals and plaques are arranged in the pattern of square or rectangular panels. Few are in the pattern of circular tondos. The study will comparatively focus and examine the J?taka stories between plaques and murals.	2024

Research Publications

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research