Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
2251 Thet Oo Zan LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE ELECTRONIC BILLS OF LADING The Bill of Lading is the most important document for international trade and has been for hundreds of years. The bill of lading permits goods to be traded while in transit, many times before they reach their destination. Possession of the bill of lading is equivalent to the possession of the goods. Today, traditional bill of lading faces problems caused by the delay of the document, fraud, and high costs of generating. International trade transactions are increasingly using EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and the problem of the bill of lading was to introduce the use of the electronic bill of lading in shipping trade by replicating the traditional bill of lading with the electronic bill of lading. Using the electronic bill of lading will reduce time and cost. But the electronic bill of lading faces problems in some jurisdictions relating to its legal recognition. 2024
2252 Swe Zin Oo APPLICATION OF POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE THROUGH ENVIRONMETNAL TORT IN MYANMAR Polluter pays principle (PPP) is a widely accepted and applied concept both in the context of developed and developing countries to address the environmental problems. In the simplest term, the principal means that the polluter should bear the costs of the pollution prevention and control to maintain the environment in an acceptable state. Later, it has been extended to use as an instrument to implement the civil liability regime to compensate the environmental damage. PPP can be implemented through various instruments such as economic instruments, standards-based regulations, or liability rules. Myanmar’s legislation specifically provides the any person who pollute or caused damage to the environment to pay compensation for such damage. However, these provisions apply only to public environment and not cover environmental related private injury or property damage. Since Myanmar practices common law based legal system, private party can recourse to tort litigation to seek remedy for environment related private property damage. This paper critically analyzes the application of PPP through environmental tort litigation in Myanmar based on the available reported case. It is found out that the decisions of the courts do not support application of PPP as proclaimed in the environmental legislation. Moreover, some procedural rules should be amended specifically for the civil suit involving environmental related damage since they do not correspond/reflect to the nature of environmental related injury. The paper also suggests the use of strict liability in cases involving activities inherently dangerous to the environment to enable the effective application of PPP in Myanmar. 2024
2253 Hsu Thiri Zaw FITSPIRATION AND SOCIAL MEDIA: AN UNTOLD NARRATION OF HEALTH AND FITNESS COMMUNICATION AMONG MYANMAR YOUTHS* Social media becomes the most necessary in the daily lives of not only youths but also the older generation for their everyday activities. It intervenes in many ways of lifestyle such as education, entertainment, information, health and community settings for the users. In recent years, a new fitness trend has developed on social media especially among young people, called “Fitspiration”. Fitspiration on social media which is the term for “Fitness Inspiration” is about receiving motivation from fitness and health related posts on social media and change the daily lifestyles, exercise habits and even to diet among the youngsters. This study focuses on the interrelated link between fitspiration on social media and significantly changing lifestyles of young adults in Myanmar who become loving in fitness culture in their daily lives. The research is based on narrative analysis to conduct the quality information and narration from the participants throughout their experiences before and after the fitness inspiration. Moreover, the study will clearly present the impact of social media on the young adults in consuming health related information and fitness culture and how those impacts lead them changes up and down in their daily lives. 2024
2254 Si Thu Hein THE EXPLORATION OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ BELIEFS TOWARDS AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT * The main purpose of this study was to explore the prospective teachers’ beliefs towards authentic assessment. This study adopted one group pretest-post-test pre-experimental research design. Fifty-six BEd (Bachelor of Education) second year students from Yangon University of Education were chosen as the participants of the study. Authentic Assessment Belief Scale (pretest and post test), competency-based quiz tests, assessment criteria, observation checklist, teacher’s log, reflective journal, self-assessment form, quick peer-assessment form, group self-assessment checklist, opinion form, and interview guidelines were used in this study. The results of the study indicated that the prospective teachers’ beliefs towards authentic assessment can be improved by an intervention practice of authentic assessment. Moreover, the results revealed that the level of prospective teachers’ beliefs towards authentic assessment after applying an intervention practice of authentic assessment is very high. This study pointed out that prospective teachers highly valued authentic assessment and thus it was undeniable that authentic assessment evidently enhanced prospective teachers’ beliefs to engage in deeper and more productive learning educational psychology. This study also reminded all the educators in Myanmar to be aware of the effectiveness of authentic assessment while marching to implement constructivist learning at all levels of Myanmar education system. 2024
2255 Myint San Oo AN INVESTIGATION INTO HARDINESS AND STRESS OF STAFF MEMBERS FROM UNIVERSITY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL RACES OF THE UNION The main aim of this study was to investigate hardiness and stress of staff members from University for the Development of the National Races of the Union (UDNR), Sagaing in 2021 2022 Academic Year. Survey research design and quantitative method were used in this study. The sample comprised 262 (Male = 80 and Female = 182) staff members from UDNR. The staff members’ hardiness was measured by using Hardiness Scale (HS) (Bartone, Ursano, Wright & Ingraham, 1989) slightly modified version of a scale originally developed by Kobasa et al. (1981, 1982, cited in Bartone et al., 1989) and their stress was measured by using Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) developed by Levenstein et al. (1993). In order to investigate the differences in hardiness and stress by gender, age and work experience, descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, One-Way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s Product-Moment correlation were used. The results of independent samples t-test showed that there were no statistically significant differences in hardiness and stress of staff members by gender. Again, One-Way ANOVA results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in hardiness and stress of staff members by age and work experience. Pearson’s Product-Moment correlation revealed that staff members’ hardiness was negatively and very weakly correlated with stress (r = - 0.108). 2024
2256 Ei Thuzar Kyaw STUDY ON STRESSFUL CONDITIONS AND COPING STRATEGIES OF TEACHER EDUCATORS IN MYANMAR EDUCATION DEGREE COLLEGES The purpose of this study was to identify stressful conditions and coping strategies of teacher educators and explore current stress of teacher educators in relation to gender, marital status, designation, academic qualification and teaching experiences. A total of 300 teacher educators from Education Degree Colleges participated. In this study, the present study followed the descriptive survey research design. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The findings of the study showed that 30% of teacher educators are moderately stressed and 24% are highly stressed and the task stress and role stress conditions are the highest level of stress that they experienced. Moreover, teacher educators tried to use engaged ways to cope with stressful conditions by adjusting their personal desires to match the situation and sometimes, they use disengaged coping such as avoidance from the situation to alleviate stress. 2024
2257 Thazin Mon PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCY AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS OF IN-SERVICE TEACHERS The main purpose of this study was to investigate professional competency and professional ethics of in-service teachers from Yangon Region. Besides, this study conducted to explore the effect of professional competency on professional ethics of in service teachers. Quantitative approach was used in this study and the required sample was selected by using random sampling technique. A total of 500 in-service teachers (primary assistant teachers, junior assistant teachers and senior assistant teachers) from selected townships of the Yangon Region in 2021-2022 academic year participated in this study. As research instruments, Teacher’s Perception of Professional Competency (TPPC) and Teacher’s Perception of Professional Ethics (TPPE) developed by Masiwal (2015) were adapted to measure professional competency and professional ethics of in service teachers in this study. The results showed that the sample teachers not only possessed reasonable high professional competency in their teaching profession but also tended to practice better professional ethics in their teaching profession. In this study, it was found that there were significant differences in professional competency of in-service teachers by location, designation and teaching experiences. It was observed that there were significant differences in in-service teachers’ professional ethics by location and designation but there was no significant difference by teaching experience. Moreover, professional competency was positively and significantly correlated to professional ethics of in-service teachers (r = 0.635, p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that all variables of professional competency were significant predictors of the professional ethics of in-service teachers. To sum up, the findings of this study have implications in assisting policy makers, administrators and educationists by highlighting the importance of professional competency to enhance professional ethics of in-service teachers. 2024
2258 Eaint Thinzar Soe THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFECTIONISM AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS OF STUDENT TEACHERS The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and psychological distress of student teachers. The explanatory sequential design was used. In the quantitative study, a total of 350 student teachers (116 males and 234 females) from three teacher education institutions was selected by using stratified sampling technique. Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt & Flett, 1991b, 2004) and PGI Health Questionnaire N-1 (Verma, Wig, & Pershad, 1985) were used. Regarding perfectionism, self-oriented perfectionism was the highest in all three subscales of perfectionism: self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism. Finding indicated that 12% of student teachers had high level of perfectionism. The result of independent samples t-test revealed that there was significant gender difference in other-oriented perfectionism. ANOVA results indicated that there were significant teacher education institution differences in other-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism and total perfectionism. Regarding psychological distress, 17.4% of student teachers were elevated in psychological distress. Findings indicated that there were significant gender and teacher education institution differences in psychological distress. Moreover, the results indicated that there was a positive correlation between perfectionism and psychological distress. Furthermore, socially prescribed perfectionism was positively correlated with psychological distress. Finally, a qualitative follow up study was conducted by semi structured interview. The interview results indicated that student teachers with high level of perfectionism were found to be associated with high level of psychological distress. The results of this study offered important implications for counselling with perfectionists that have high level of psychological distress. 2024
2259 Myintzu Tun DIGITAL GAME ADDICTION, AGGRESSION AND LONELINESS AMONG ADOLESCENTS The primary purpose of this study was to investigate digital game addiction, aggression and loneliness among adolescents. In this study, a total of 715 adolescents (Grade Ten students, Grade Eleven students, university students and out-of-school adolescents) participated and quantitative research design was used. Regarding digital game addiction, the results indicated that male adolescents had higher total digital game addiction and all subscales of digital game addiction than female adolescents. Results revealed that adolescents who were 17-18 years old had higher than those who were 15-16 and 19-21 years old in total digital game addiction, tolerance, withdrawal and problems, while adolescents who were 19-21 years old had higher than those who were 15-16 years old in salience and problems. Results indicated that university students were significantly higher in salience and problems than Grade Ten and Grade Eleven students. Results revealed that there were significant differences in total digital game addiction and all subscales of digital game addiction by time spent playing digital games per day. Regarding aggression, results indicated that male adolescents had higher physical aggression than female adolescents whereas female adolescents had higher emotion and hostility than male adolescents. Results showed that there were no significant differences by age and education level in total aggression and all subscales of aggression. Results found that there was significant difference in physical aggression by time spent playing digital games per day. Regarding loneliness, results indicated that there were no significant differences of loneliness by gender and education level. Findings revealed that adolescents who were 19-21 years old had higher loneliness than those who were 15-16 years old. In addition, results indicated that there was significant difference in loneliness by time spent playing digital games per day. Furthermore, there were significant differences in aggression and loneliness by digital game addiction levels. Finally, adolescents’ digital game addiction was positively correlated with aggression and loneliness. 2024
2260 Min Ei Khine AN INQUIRY INTO THE TEACHERS’ GUIDANCE GIVEN TO THE UNDER-ACHIEVERS OF MIDDLE SCHOOLS: A COUNSELLING APPROACH This study was to explore the under-achievers of middle school students and inquiry into the teachers’ guidance given to them by counselling approach. Counselling is the technique of guidance to assist the students understand themselves, their abilities and characteristics, their environment and their opportunities for attaining an outstanding and successful life. Most of the middle school students cannot understand the difficulties and problems they encounter in their lives. They always solve the problems irrationally. Adolescent protest is accompanied by a rise in emotional turmoil. In this connection, academic achievement of adolescents is very low and they did not inspire in education. And so, drop-out rate in middle school students is very high. Teachers’ guidance should conform to all students who are different in physical, intellectual, emotional and social aspects. Especially, teachers must have empathetic understanding on the under-achievers and must force them to become the qualified students by counselling techniques. This study highlighted the guidance culture of the schools under study and causes of being underachievers from the selected schools. And, this study presents the psychological moods of under achievers and counselling effect on education. 2024